WRITING 6. Operating System

                                                                 Operating System

       An operating system, or OS, is a common computer piece in the world today. An OS is an intricate set of software programs that helps organize information within a computer’s hardware. It can store information and retrieve it from memory systems or the hard drive. It can also direct applications and programs within the computer or from portable sources. In essence, an operating system communicates between the hardware and the programs as an organizational tool. 

1.  Memory management is the function that controlling and coordinating memory location and either allocated or free blocks to various programms to optimize overall system performance. There are 4 types of technique ways to manage memory.

1.      Single contiguous allocation

2.      Partitioned allocation

3.      Paged memory management

4.      Segmented memory management

All this techniques has their own advantages on their own. In hardware memory management involves components that physically store data, such as RAM (Random Access Memory ), VRAM (Virtual RAM), GRAM (Graphical RAM), chips, memory caches and flash based SSDs (Solid Star Drives)

2.    Device manager is control panel applet in Microsoft Windows operating systems it allows users to view and control the hardware attached to the computer. Hardware devices typically provide the ability to input data into the computer output data from the computer. Device manager is a feature of Microsoft Windows that detects and lists hardware devices and their status information. Device Manager is available in Microsoft Windows 95, 98, ME, 2000, 2003, XP, Vista, 7, 8, and 10.Device management does the following activities for device manager.Keeps track of all devices, decides which process gets the device allocates way, de-allocated device. Device manager important to make sure it’s well designed.

3.    A file manager or file browser is a computer program that providers a user interface to  and folders.It has limited capalities and is designed to manage individual or group files, such as special office documents and records. A file management sustems is also known as a file manager.File manager is a software program that helps a user manage all the files on their computer.For example, all the managers allow the user to view, edit, copy and delete the files on their computer.

4.     Network management is the process of administering and managing the computer networks of one or many organisations. Various services provided by network managers include fault analysis, performance management, provisioning of network and network devices.

5.     The Process manager  is an integral part of any modern-day operating system (OS). The OS must allocate resources to processes, enable processes to share and exchange information, protect the resources of each process from other processes and enable synchronization among processes.

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WRITING5 Networking

                                                                 Networking

               A network is two or more computers, or either other electronic devices connected together so that they can change data. Network connections between computers are normally created using cables and wires. But connections also can create using radio signal like wireless and Wi-Fi and telephone lines like modems in our house or even, for long distances, via satellite links.

There are many uses of network. A network allows computers to easily share files and data, share resources such as a whole room of computer share a single printer or internet connections, users also can communicate each other, etc.

                   Firts. Neworking devices that filter that traffic are called connectivity devices and there are several different types: Bridge,Hub,Switch,Router

• Bridge is connectivity device that forwards data based on a physical address and operate at the Network Access layer in the TCP/IP.
• Hub typically do not filter data but instead retransmit incoming data packets or to all ports.
• Switch,simplified is smarter version to all ports.
• Routers are an essential part of the any layer TCP/IP that would be the IP address.

               Second.networking types.this part is about most famous connection type and their adventages

1.WAN(wide are network)

much larger than other connection types. Wholle world and it includes of the LANs and WLANs

2.MAN(metropolitican area network)

it includes other min network such as LAN,PAN

3.LAN(local area network)

it showes higher speed than others for sharing data resources

4.PAN(oersonal area network)

its adventage is for example you can share photos,connect device,watch your TV from your phone 

5.PN(private network)

with this network any person or company connect to each other without internet and without losing their datas to internet. 

                 After that think of a topology network's virtual shape in structure and computers are a home network be arranges in a circle in a family room other rooms. Network topologies are categorized into the following basic tyoes.bus,ring,star,tree,wesh topologies. Topology remains an important part of network design they .You can probably build a home or small business computer network without understanding the differance between a bus design and star design  but becoming familiar with the standart topologies gives you a better understanding of impotant networking concept like hubs,broadcats and routers

                    Next.the variety of network hardware adapter resources verify that the network adapter is properly installed and f=detected by the computer with no conficts. In Microsoft Windows, open the Device Manager and verify there are no errors "Network adapters" should be present for each network adapter installed in the computer,similar to the e.xample on the right. Wired network is the picture to the right is an example of a LAN port with.
              Even though, the network is useful in our daily life and can solve the issue surrounding the environment but it still have some disadvantages. Communications technology and computer networks are always vulnerable to hackers. When the network breaks, it many cause many tasks become very difficult and more easily to attacked by a virus. For example, if the network hacked, the sensor device will spoil and cannot function. If it connects to the Internet, the data that receive will become not accurate and reliable. Therefore, we have to use the network properly.